Origin: Spinous processes of T7-L5 vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and lower ribs. 

Insertion: Intertubercular groove of the humerus.

Action: Extension, Adduction, and Internal rotation of the shoulder.

Swimming Example: During the pulling phase of the butterfly stroke or freestyle the latissimus dorsi generates the force needed to pull the body through the water effectively. 

Origin: Clavicle, acromion and the spine of the scapula. 

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus. 

Action: Abduction, Flexion and Extension of the arm.

Swimming Example: The deltoid helps to lift the arm out of the water during what is known as the recovery stage of backstroke and freestyle. 

Origin: Sternum, Clavicle and costal cartilages of ribs 1-6

Insertion: Intertubercular groove of the humerus.

Action: Flexion, Adduction, and internal Rotation of the arm. 

Swimming Example: Provides the swimmer with power during the inward pull of butterfly and breaststroke. 

Origin: Pubic crest and Pubic symphysis

Insertion: Xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7

Action: Flexion of the trunk and stabilize the core.

Swimming Example: The rectus abdominis helps maintain a streamlined body position and helps assist with dolphin kicks during butterfly events. 

Origin: Femur and ilium

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via the patellar tendon.

Action: Extends the knee

Swimming Example: Helps to produce powerful kicking motions during, backstroke, freestyle and butterfly races. 

Muscles involved: Deltoid, Latissimus Dorsi, Pectoralis Major and Rotator cuff muscles. 

Joint Affected: Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

Description: The repetition of overhead arm movements can cause tendon irritation, inflammation and shoulder impingement. This injury is one of the most common among competitive swimmers. 

Example: A swimmer that performs over thousands of freestyle strokes per week may develop pain and in turn experience reduced shoulder mobility. 

Muscle Involved: Pectoralis Major

Joint Affected: Knee Joint

Description: The repetition of the swimmers kicking motion can place stress on the kneecap and its surrounding structures, this then leads to pain and inflammation. 

Example: In particular breaststroke swimmers are vulnerable to his injury because of the unique and intricate kicking motion used in the stroke. 

Muscle Involved: Quadriceps

Joint Affected: Knee Joint

Description: The repetition of the swimmers kicking motion can place stress on the kneecap and its surrounding structures, this then leads to pain and inflammation. 

Example: In particular breaststroke swimmers are vulnerable to his injury because of the unique and intricate kicking motion used in the stroke.